About Canine Osteoarthritis
What is Canine Osteoarthritis?
An estimated one in five dogs suffer from canine osteoarthritis1, a painful, incurable and progressive disease that substantially affects mobility and quality of life. It is similar to osteoarthritis in people in that one or more joints become inflamed and painful. Dogs are reluctant to move the painful joint(s) which may then become stiff2,3.
Osteoarthritis in dogs is caused by the deterioration of soft tissue, bone and cartilage in one or more of the dog's joints4. This causes inflammation which can lead to both decreased mobility in dogs and central sensitisation - when the persistent and often continuous pain and discomfort associated with canine osteoarthritis results in amplification of the pain experienced in the body. Once this occurs, there is a general decline in mobility and, as a result, the dog's physical behaviour and overall quality of life are compromised.
Although it is most common in older dogs, osteoarthritis can start quite early in life. Osteoarthritis tends to worsen with time and it often goes unrecognised because of its gradual onset. It is important to detect osteoarthritis early because early treatment may help to slow down the worsening of the condition and it will help to prevent suffering.
Keeping joints mobile also helps to slow down the worsening effects of arthritis over time5,6,7. Owners often only fully appreciate how much their dog's lives were affected once they see the improvement that comes with good management.
Why might my dog have canine osteoarthritis?
Sarah Heath has collaborated with other leading animal health experts to devise a Controlled Care Programme for dogs with osteoarthritis.
Canine osteoarthritis affects all breeds and sizes of dogs. However, some breeds are more susceptible than others, including the Labrador, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd and other larger breeds.
Slowing down in dogs may be due to osteoarthritis, not simply "old age". Although it is common in older dogs, and age is probably the most apparent reason why your dog may have osteoarthritis, there can be several other contributing factors:
- Dogs that are overweight.
- Dogs that have experienced a fracture in the past.
- Dogs that may have experienced high levels of activity as a pup or juvenile.
How can I tell if my dog might be suffering from canine osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis can be hard to spot as it is easy to think your dog's reduced mobility is due simply to old age. The best way to establish if your dog is in pain is by simply observing your dog's behaviour when doing normal everyday activities.
You may notice2,3:
- Difficulty getting up in the morning, or after a rest.
- Difficulty climbing stairs or getting into the car.
- Reduced enjoyment of walks or games.
- Becoming tired more easily.
- Lameness.
- Subdued and unenthusiastic behaviour.
- Your dog licking their joints or limping3.
- A change in your dog's appetite4.
- Unusual barking, snapping or irritability.
- Sensitivity to touch - not wanting to be stroked.
- Resting/lying down more.
Dogs vary in which signs they show. The severity of signs can also change considerably from day-to-day. Veterinary Surgeon and Animal Behavioural Specialist, Sarah Heath, provides expert advice on identifying the signs of canine osteoarthritis.
Does your dog have any of these signs?
If your dog is showing any of these signs, speak with your vet to see if arthritis is the cause and advise on the best care for your dog.
How can I help my dog?
The good news is that you and your vet can do a lot to help ease the pain of canine osteoarthritis. There are three main elements which can help keep osteoarthritis under control. These can be remembered by the term 'WET'8,9:
- W: Weight control for dogs with osteoarthritis – carrying excess weight puts extra strain on the joints and can make osteoarthritis worse. If necessary, your dog may need to lose weight. Do get the rest of your family involved if your dog is on a diet, it is vital it is not fed fattening treats. It is also recommended that you keep a diary of weight and what your pet is eating to share with your vet. You can also ask your vet about weight management clinics or other support that your veterinary surgery may offer. Marge Chandler, expert in Small Animal Internal Medicine, provides advice on nutrition and weight management.
- E: Exercise control for dogs with osteoarthritis – exercise is a good way for a dog to lose weight and thus relieve pressure on joints. In order to be beneficial, exercise should be controlled, gentle and pain-free. Regular short periods of exercise during the day, with rests in between, are recommended. With guidance from your vet, something as simple as a walk in the park is an efficient means to help keep your dog fit and healthy. David Prydie, rehabilitation expert, provides advice on exercise as part of a Controlled Care Programme.
- T: Treatment for canine osteoarthritis – this is a very important step in managing osteoarthritis. A selection of daily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is available as well as a once-monthly treatment that helps ensure compliance by delivering continuous pain relief. Speak with your vet for more information.
There are benefits for pet owners too...
Having a successful canine osteoarthritis management regime can help you to balance the needs of caring for your dog with a busy work or family life. Also, having a fit and healthy dog in your retirement years can help to keep you healthy too; ensuring you and your dog stay active as you get older.
Many people have taken successful steps to ensure the health and happiness of their dogs who are suffering from canine osteoarthritis. Visit our Real Life Tails section to check out other tips and success stories
from dog owners just like you.
References
- Johnston, Spencer A. Osteoarthritis – Joint Anatomy, Physiology and Pathobiology. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. Vol 27. Number 4, July 1997
- Pfizer Rimadyl Pet Owner leaflet AH016/09
- Pfizer Trocoxil Pet Owner leaflet AH223/11
- D Grant. Vet Times 16 Nov 2009
- Fiorentino PM et al. Spinal interleukin-1-β in a mouse model of arthritis and joint pain. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58 (10): 3100-3109
- Sluka KA et al. Joint inflammation is reduced by dorsal rhizotomy and not by sympathectomy or spinal cord transaction. Ann Theum Dis. 1994; 53 (5):309-314
- Innes JF et al Systematic review of the safey and efficacy of long-term NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 2010; Vol 166:226-230
- Pfizer Trocoxil Pet Owner leaflet AH441/10
- Pfizer Trocoxil Pet Owner leaflet AH446/10
Disclaimer: This is not a substitute for advice from a vet. Always ask your vet or veterinary nurse for professional advice before treating your pet.